Mobile Money Summit 2010 The GSMA Mobile Money Summit 2010 takes place in Rio de Janeiro May 25-26 with invitation-only events on 24th and 27th May. Highlights from this year’s event included a rich agenda focusing on a number of topics and issues never before presented in the Mobile Money market, a cutting edge exhibition showcasing the most innovative Mobile Money products and services and the industry's premier forum for Mobile Money networking and deal making with the C- Level leaders of Financial services institutions, mobile network operators, development organizations and solutions providers, as well as regulators and policymakers. AFI is attending the Summit and will moderate the agent banking regulation panel during the closed-door Leadership Forum on Thursday 27 May. AFI Policy Grant Manager, Simone di Castri will participate in the meeting and moderate the Leadership Forum panel. He is available to meet in person with interested parties attending. In case you would like to talk to us at the Summit, please contact simone.dicastri@afi-global.org or +66 (0)84 700 7257 For more information on the GSMA Mobile Money Summit, please visit : http://www.mobilemoneysummit.com Disruption / delay to AFI services The AFI office is now open again. However, given the recent events in Bangkok, Thailand, it is possible that some AFI services are slightly disrupted and response times may continue to be delayed - we ask you to continue to bear with us at this challenging time. We would like to reassure our members and partners that all AFI team staff members are safe and well. Increasing access and use through innovation: AFI Global Policy Forum, 27-29 September, Bali, Indonesia AFI and the Bank of Indonesia are delighted to announce that they will jointly convene the 2nd Global Policy Forum (GPF) on Financial Inclusion in Bali, Indonesia from 27-29 September 2010. Building on the successes and lessons learned from the first GPF, held in Kenya in September of last year, the 2010 Forum will again bring together policymakers from AFI’s membership in developing countries and emerging markets to exchange, share and dialogue on how to innovate policy and institutional approaches to expand access to finance. Under the theme ‘Financial inclusion: Increasing access and use through innovation’, AFI will also invite a variety of key international experts and strategic partners to add to the discussion about proven policies that have increased access to financial services for the poor. In the eight months since the first Forum – which marked the official launch of AFI – significant strides have been made at both national, regional and global levels to drive forward policy innovations and reforms that can help expand access to and use of financial services. AFI members have utilized the growing network to exchange ideas, experiences and practical advice and have lent their voice to national, regional and global debates on issue of financial inclusion. The 2010 GPF will be a time to review and assess this overall progress, take stock of key activities among the AFI membership including working groups, grants and project implementation, and celebrate successes achieved and identify gaps and challenges yet to be overcome to further advance financial inclusion policy in developing countries. The event will feature a variety of innovative formats and tools to encourage maximum participation and knowledge exchange. The results of the GPF will set the stage for AFI’s work program for 2010-2011 in terms of priority areas for working groups, additional events and workshops, grants, and development of knowledge products and publications. As preparations scale up for the Forum in Bali this September, additional details and clarifications will be regularly communicated to AFI members and partners. For now, AFI members are invited to please mark your calendars for the AFI GPF 2010: Increasing access and use through innovation, from September 27-29 in Bali, Indonesia. The first AFI GPF was held in 2009 in Nairobi, and was co-hosted by the Central Bank of Kenya. Over 80 policymakers from nearly 40 countries were in attendance, along with an equal number of strategic partners from nearly 60 institutions – including researchers, donors, NGOs, and private sector partners. The first annual forum also marked the official launch of AFI as a new global network. The overall Forum theme was 'Bringing Smart Policies to Life'. First ‘joint’ knowledge exchange: Tanzania, Burundi learn from the Philippines For the first time in the AFI knowledge exchange grant process, a joint delegation from the Central Banks of Tanzania and Burundi participated in a visit to the Philippines to learn about the innovative regulatory approach adopted by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) that has allowed mobile phone financial services to successfully be introduced. Officials from La Banque Centrale du Burundi (Central Bank of Burundi) and the Bank of Tanzania visited the Philippines in April 2010 on an AFI grant exchange to learn about the innovative regulatory approach that has allowed mobile phone banking to take place in the country. The Philippines example, enabled by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, is unique in that it has allowed for the growth of a mobile banking industry that has adopted both bank-centric and telco-centric models. The joint delegation enjoyed a packed schedule of meetings with key mobile banking stakeholders from both private and public sectors in the Philippines. Highlights included meetings with SMART telecom, BanKO, GXchange, Microenterprise Access to Banking Services, and meetings with teams responsible for the enabling regulation at the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. The delegation was also received by Deputy Governor of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and AFI Policy Champion Nestor A. Espenilla, Jr., who was instrumental in leading the necessary reforms in the Philippines. The joint delegation commended their hosts on their innovation and underlined that they found the experience to be extremely beneficial and that the joint mission helps to expand networks that they are keen to maintain. The lessons learned from the exchange visit will help support and shape an evolving mobile banking regulatory approach in both visiting countries. For the Central Bank of Burundi, the knowledge exchange visit therefore provides important background and insights to help support the development of a framework for regulating mobile phone financial services which will enable mobile phone operators to deploy money transfer and payment financial services in the country. For the Bank of Tanzania, the knowledge exchange will inform potential amendments to their existing policies, guidelines, and regulations in order to craft a regulatory framework that provides incentives and protections necessary to launch mobile banking services. AFI/G24 roundtable underlines importance of developing country voice in financial inclusion policy debates Developing country perspectives are critical to helping shape global financial inclusion policy initiatives and ongoing knowledge exchange on proven policy innovation is essential, concluded participants at the high-level roundtable hosted by AFI and the G24 Secretariat held in Washington on Thursday April 22, 2010. Financial policymakers from nearly 20 countries joined key partner organizations – including BCEAO, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, CGAP, IFC, IMF, Islamic Development Bank, South Centre, World Bank and high-level representatives from the G20 Financial Inclusion Experts Group –in the meeting held on the sidelines of the World Bank / IMF 2010 Spring Meeting. The Roundtable aimed to give developing country policymakers an opportunity to discuss the current status of the G20 Financial Inclusion Experts Group (FIEG) – Access Through Innovation Sub-Group (AITSG) and provide feedback on the draft ‘Principles for Innovative Financial Inclusion’ that were shared, as well as to receive an update on preliminary findings of the AFI survey on financial inclusion policy in developing countries. This marked the 2nd G24/AFI annual meeting – the first having taken place around the 2008 World Bank/IMF Spring gathering, where AFI was first informally launched. Opening the roundtable, Governor of the Bank of Kenya and AFI Steering Committee Chair, Professor Njuguna S. Ndung'u outlined the importance of financial inclusion as one of the cornerstones in achieving growth and poverty reduction and appreciated the G24 Secretariat in providing this opportunity for exchange. “This roundtable represents what we in AFI believe in and what we want to share with you,” he said, underlining his belief that the G20 should actively engage developing countries in the discussion and keep in mind that many of the successful financial inclusion strategies come from these countries. “This roundtable allows us to raise the voice of developing countries on proven solutions to financial inclusion,” said Luis Gustavo Mansur Siquiera, Deputy Head of the Department of International Affairs, Banco Central do Brasil, who also gave opening remarks. Welcoming the AFI survey and commending the network for providing a knowledge sharing platform for policymakers, he underlined that including non-G20 countries’ views and examples of innovation in the G20 process will enable the development of a broad consensus among policymakers. Participants were addressed and updated by the co-chairs of G20 sub-groups working on two different aspects of financial inclusion: access through innovation (co-chaired by Australia and Brazil) and on SME finance (co-chaired by Germany and South Africa). AFI Executive Director, Alfred Hannig, then gave an update on initial findings – including trends and barriers in financial inclusion policymaking, lessons learned and an outlook - from a survey AFI has carried out on financial inclusion policy in developing countries. The survey, originally requested by the AFI Steering Committee with the aim of informing the future work, development and areas of focus for the AFI network, have also fed into and informed the development of the ATISG work programme and ‘principles’. The discussion session, moderated by the Director of the G24 Secretariat, Amar Bhattacharya, aimed to gain structured feedback on the G20 initiative and reactions to the AFI survey findings then took place. A number of key issues and points were raised, including:
“The vast majority of action [on financial inclusion] takes place in developing countries,” said Paul Flanagan, the Australian G20 ATISG Co-Chair, encouraging participants to submit proposals on how to translate the G20 ‘principles’ into action and possible practical steps that G20 can undertake. Moving forwards, he outlined that the ATISG will share the more detailed synthesis report including country examples and that the group would like to continue the dialogue with developing country policymakers towards the G20 Seoul Summit. Concluding the meeting, G24 and AFI emphasized that they will continue the collaboration and will provide such forums to engage developing countries in global discussions, including the upcoming AFI Global Policy Forum in September and future G24/AFI annual meetings. Delegates and speakers from the following countries attended the meeting: Argentina, Brazil, China, Egypt, Ghana, Venezuela, India, Iraq, Kenya, Lebanon, Malawi, Morocco, Nigeria, Peru, Philippines, South Africa, Syria, Trinidad and Tobago, Vanuatu
Read
the minutes from the Roundtable Postal organizations: Exploring new avenues for financial inclusion The promotion of best practices, regulatory frameworks and in-depth research on access to financial services hold the key to including postal operations development policy for financial services, concluded a round table on financial inclusion held in Berne, Switzerland on Thursday 22 April. The roundtable – held as part of the Universal Postal Union’s 2010 Postal Operations Council (12 - 30 April 2010) – featured a high-level panel of international development aid organizations and donors to discuss how best postal organizations can developing postal financial services and contribute to financial inclusion efforts. Tamara Cook, of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, said the UPU should continue making analyses so that Posts can be included in the Financial Sector Assessment Programme, a joint International Monetary Fund and World Bank initiative that provides detailed analyses of countries' financial sectors, their soundness and their contribution to countries’ growth and development. Hayder Al-Bagdadi, of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion, said that promoting groundbreaking financial inclusion policies in cooperation with central banks was the UPU’s way forward. The workshop generated lively debate, as financial organizations such as the World Bank, Planet Finance and PostFinance International Development shared their experiences of different models in Azerbaijan, Brazil, India and South Africa, where postal banks ensure that millions of people, often the least well-off, have access to financial services. According to Pedro de Vasconcelos, of the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), between 30 and 50 percent of the 300 billion money transfers sent worldwide annually are made to rural areas and the cost of sending the money – often using informal networks – is very high. Posts therefore have a leading role to play in helping migrants send money to their families by developing money transfers and basic and low-cost financial services. Usman Shettima from the Nigerian Central Bank said his institution was looking at ways of bringing financial services within reach of 70 percent of the rural population, but needed to implement workable cooperation models before joining partnerships or appealing for financial backers. Antonique Koning, of the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor (CGAP), said that the financial services and microfinance on offer in post offices needed transparent management and affordable rates. Counter staff should be given training in how to help postal customers when they open an account for the first time. The 2010 Postal Operations Council takes place from 12 to 30 April 2010 in Berne, Switzerland. For more information on the Council, please visit the UPU web site. 22-04-2010 G24/AFI host high-level roundtable at World Bank/IMF Spring meeting On the occasion of the 2010 World Bank/IMF Spring Meetings the G24 Secretariat and AFI will host a roundtable for attending developing country policymakers to discuss the current status of the G20 Financial Inclusion Experts Group (FIEG) – Access Through Innovation Sub-Group (AITSG) and the AFI survey on financial inclusion policy in developing countries. The meeting aims to provide AFI members and other developing country policymakers with a platform for exchange of knowledge on key issues and trends related to financial inclusion initiatives and solutions. This marks the 2nd G24/AFI annual meeting – the first having taken place around the 2008 World Bank/IMF Spring gathering , where AFI was first informally launched. The roundtable will open with welcoming remarks from AFI Steering Committee Chair and Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya, Professor Njuguna S. Ndung'u and an address by Luis Gustavo Mansur Siquiera, Deputy Head of the Department of International Affairs, Banco Central do Brasil on ‘Leadership and experiences of developing countries inputting into the future of financial inclusion policy’. Participants will then to hear from the co-chairs of G20 sub-groups working on two different aspects of financial inclusion: access through innovation (co-chaired by Australia and Brazil) and on SME finance (co-chaired by Germany and South Africa). AFI Executive Director, Alfred Hannig, will give an update on initial findings from a survey AFI has carried out on financial inclusion policy in developing countries. The meeting will culminate in a discussion among participants, facilitated by the Director of the G24 Secretariat, Amar Bhattacharya, to gain structured feedback on the G20 initiative and reactions to the AFI survey findings. Background documents:
AFI Policy note - Formalizing microsavings: A tiered approach to regulating intermediation In virtually every country in the world, the existing supply of savings services falls short of the demand from low income populations. The poor need more and better access to savings accounts. In some countries, there is a growing sector of unregulated microcredit organizations that are well positioned and motivated to offer those services, but are not yet licensed to do so. Regulators in these countries can enable microcredit organizations to integrate into the financial system as financial intermediaries with a tiered, risk-based approach to licensing, regulating and supervising savings-based microfinance. The AFI policy note Formalizing microsavings: A tiered approach to regulating intermediation gives an overview of the issue, how it works and addresses a number of key policy questions. It also highlights the experiences of several countries that have demonstrated success in developing innovative solutions to formalize microsavings and gives an overview of complementary and relevant reading material. Bank of Ghana joins AFI The Central Bank of Ghana is the latest member to officially join the AFI network. Established in 1957, the Bank’s mission is ‘to pursue sound monetary and financial policies aimed at price stability and create an enabling environment for sustainable economic growth’. As of March 2010, AFI now counts 53 official members (Central Banks or leading financial regulatory institutions) across 45 developing countries. Lessons learned from Windsor Leadership seminar drive focus on ‘banking beyond branches’ High-level representatives from 18 countries met in Windsor, UK from 8-9 March at the Global Leadership seminar to discuss the best way to regulate innovative modes of financial service delivery to reach the poor. AFI drew a number of key insights and lessons learned from the seminar. These include:
The Windsor event is the third annual seminar for high-level policymakers and regulators hosted by AFI, CGAP and DFID. The important insights drawn from the seminar are critical to moving forward discussions on banking beyond branches and its regulation as well as feeding into wider debates on increasing access to financial services for the poor. Agent regulation tops bill at Windsor “Global Leadership” seminar High-level representatives from 18 countries met in Windsor, UK from 8-9 March, UK to discuss the best way to regulate new modes of financial service delivery to reach poorer populations. At a seminar hosted by AFI, CGAP and the UK Department for International Development (DFID), policymakers from around the world underlined that implementing regulatory frameworks that strike the right balance between protecting customers and promoting innovation is critical to the further expansion and success of technological-based solutions – such as mobile phone financial services and the use of agents for service delivery. The seminar included leaders from the sector and representatives of the G-20 economies, which have committed to support the dissemination new modes of financial service delivery capable of reaching the poor. Building on the existing international dialogue between policymakers, the Windsor seminar – entitled the ‘Windsor Global Leadership Seminar on Regulating Branchless Banking’ - explored recent regulatory developments in the use of agent banking, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of different approaches from around the world. The discussions focused on the kinds of entities that should be permitted to act as agents and how best to level the playing field to best enable the provision of financial services. “Many of the most innovative policy solutions for financial inclusion are coming from developing countries and it is vital that these experiences are listened to and learned from. Bringing developing country perspectives to the Windsor seminar will accelerate the international exchange of ideas and best practice, arming more regulators with the knowledge they need to implement proportionate and balanced regulation,” said Alfred Hannig, Executive Director of AFI. Representing the AFI network, Steering Committee member and Deputy Governor from the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, Philippines Nestor A. Espenilla, gave remarks during the opening session on Monday 8 March. And Steering Committee Chair and Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya Professor Njuguna S. Ndung'u, gave a keynote address during the official seminar dinner. The Windsor event is the third annual seminar for high-level policy makers and regulators hosted by CGAP, DFID and AFI. Coverage of the seminar is available at
http://technology.cgap.org.
AFI Policy paper - Financial inclusion measurement for regulators: Survey design and implementation Having appropriate and up-to date information about levels and trends of financial inclusion is a critical first step towards devising relevant policy approaches to further deepen the reach of the financial sector. Interest in collecting such data is increasing across the globe, resulting in the development of a number of cross-country and country-specific data collection strategies in recent years. Responding to this interest and need, AFI presents this policy paper to help inform financial policymakers and regulators on how to develop a strategy for gathering financial inclusion data using surveys of different kinds. The report considers the advantages and disadvantages of various models and strategies, ranging from simply leveraging already available data sets, to modifying existing surveys to include new questions on financial inclusion, or even to designing and implementing a new financial survey. The release of this paper is timely as policymakers from 10 AFI member countries meet to discuss financial inclusion data gathering at the upcoming AFI-BOT Introductory Workshop of the Financial Inclusion Data Partnership to be held in Bangkok on March 18th and 19th. Case study – Enabling mobile money transfer: the Central Bank of Kenya’s treatment of M-Pesa AFI case studies are developed specifically for policymakers. The cases capture the actual experiences and challenges faced by leading policymakers from developing countries as they innovate and implement new or reformational policy solutions in their country. Enabling mobile money transfer: the treatment of M-Pesa focuses on the work of AFI Policy Champion Gerald Nyaoma and his team at the Central Bank of Kenya with regards to the M-Pesa mobile money transfer service. It covers the period of development of the M-Pesa product from concept inception in 2005 to December 2008.
Download the case study Mexico’s CNBV shows leadership in financial inclusion data gathering The first Reporte de Inclusión Financiera (State of financial inclusion report) from Comisión Nacional Bancaria y de Valores de Mexico (CNBV) provides an outstanding example of a financial regulator in a developing country taking the lead to require commercial banks to provide detailed data that allow the regulator to measure and monitor financial inclusion goals. The report, which was produced with support from an AFI grant, presents supply-side data and drawing on multiple sources to give a picture of financial inclusion of all the states and municipalities in the country. It is available to public and private sector players and future issues will publish new demand-side data from household and individual surveys. The report is one part and the dissemination tool of a larger CNBV strategy for measuring financial inclusion. The report is available here (in Spanish). AFI is now looking into possibilities for translation of key elements of the document into other languages, to allow for wider knowledge sharing.
Download the report Pacific island central banks launch financial inclusion working group It is estimated that only 30% or less of Pacific Islanders currently have access to basic financial services making it the least banked region in the world. In late 2009, the governors of the five Pacific Islands with central banks passed a resolution at their annual meeting to form a subgroup on financial inclusion and AFI. Activities anticipated from the group include capacity building and policy development in mobile phone financial services and related issues including consumer protection and AML Know Your Customer requirements. The first meeting of this ‘working group’ took place from 23-25 February 2010 during the South Pacific Central Bank Governors Meeting and the Pacific Financial Inclusion Programme and was hosted by the Reserve Bank of Vanuatu. The group’s discussions centered around how to extend financial services to the unbanked, including how to oversee new deposit taking services emerging in the microfinance community, and technologies such as mobile phone banking while protecting clients. Governor of the Reserve Bank of Vanuatu, Odo Tevi, opened the meeting saying “The geographical set up of Vanuatu with 70-80% of the population living in rural areas gives us all the more reason to embrace the financial inclusion concept.” He further added that “we will learn from each other and provide leadership to ensure that our people have access to better financial services and are literate to exploit the opportunities.” Central Banks gear up for financial inclusion – read the press release from the meeting
26-02-2010 AFI By-Laws now available Endorsed at the third meeting of the AFI Steering Committee, the AFI By-Laws provide guidance on management, roles and responsibilities and process. > Policymakers and practitioners meet in Egypt to discuss potential of microinsurance On 18-19 December 2009, the Egyptian Financial Supervisory Authority (EFSA) organized a seminar in Cairo to share information on successful policy and regulatory approaches in the area of microinsurance and to increase awareness of the market dynamics and potential of this sector in Egypt and the MENA region. Supported by an AFI grant, this first-ever regional seminar on micro-insurance in the MENA region seminar brought together a range of public- and private-sector stakeholders to exchange knowledge on practical solutions and industry approaches for expanding the uptake of microinsurance products and services. It also identified some key barriers for developing appropriate microinsurance solutions for low-income people and strategies to overcome these. EFSA is a public policy institution responsible for licensing and regulating non-bank financial markets and instruments. Among its core activities, EFSA is responsible for developing the Egyptian insurance sector and for protecting the rights of insurance policyholders. 27-01-2010 Latest AFI Newsletter View our latest newsletter or subscribe to future editions. > AFI Policy Notes: ‘Consumer Protection’ marks launch of series AFI launches its ‘Policy Note Series’, with the first note focusing on the issue of consumer protection. AFI's series of policy notes are made specifically for policymakers and focus on the key policy solutions that have been proven to promote financial inclusion in developing countries. Drawing on existing research, they define the policy solution, identify the critical issues for decision-makers and give practical examples from developing countries. The notes also identify policy champions who are at the forefront of implementation, and give an overview of relevant reading material. Entitled Consumer Protection: Leveling the playing field in financial inclusion, the consumer protection note explores key challenges faced by regulators in addressing this critical issue such as establishing regulation and supervision, defining the role of the financial services industry, making room for consumer input, and promoting financial education. The note draws on examples and lessons learned from developing countries including Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines and South Africa. Download the Policy Note More on consumer protection Third AFI Steering Committee endorses by-laws, confirms commitment The AFI Steering Committee met for the third time on 20 January 2010. Meeting via video-link up, discussions centered around key issues of governance and of future strategic direction. Opening the meeting, Committee Chair, and Governor of the Central Bank of Kenya Prof. Njuguna Ndung'u, acknowledged a number of important developments that have taken place since the last meeting of the Committee in September last year and urged fellow members to “lead the way – with home grown financial inclusion policies…to grow and develop the network.” In a major development for AFI governance, the Steering Committee approved and endorsed the ‘AFI by-laws’, enabling a solid governance guideline and base for the ongoing development of the network. The group also moved forward with discussions and planning for the selection of the potential additional members of the Committee as well as for Steering Committee Independent Advisor. A number of potential shortlist countries were identified from focused candidate search will now be initiated. In the area of strategic direction, the Committee were updated a number of key issues including various collaborations with other stakeholders , AFI member surveys, AFI secondment programme and potential venues of the next Global Policy Forum. Specific updates were given on recent and ongoing collaboration by AFI on the G20 Financial Inclusion Initiative and the planned creation of AFI working groups on focus issues such as M-banking and financial inclusion data. The Steering Committee confirmed their support and active issues in these areas. “AFI is poised to play a very critical role as new financial system architecture is developed and unveiled. On our part as Steering Committee members, we shall continue to provide the necessary support. It is also important that as AFI members, we keep on interacting and sharing information sets that will enrich our financial inclusion initiatives” said Professor Ndung’u in his closing remarks, underlining the Steering Committees ongoing commitment to the AFI network and activities. Home sweet home! AFI moves into permanent Bangkok office The AFI team is delighted to announce the official opening of its permanent office in Bangkok, Thailand. Following many months of hot-desking and working out of temporary space, the team has finally settled in a unit fully dedicated to the AFI team and work,
located within Bangkok’s city centre. “We now have an official AFI ‘home’,” said AFI Executive Director Alfred Hannig. “This gives a much more conducive environment for our work to support, activate and serve the AFI member network.”
AFI welcomes three new members Kicking off 2010, AFI welcomes three new official members to the Alliance. The Bank of Zambia, the Superintendencia de Bancos de Panamá and the Superintendencia del Sistema Financiero de El Salvador are the latest organizations to join the network. Da Afghanistan Bank mobile banking learning exchange in the Philippines Officials from Da Afghanistan Bank (DAB) visited the Philippines from 12-15 January 2010 on an AFI grant exchange to learn about the innovative regulatory approach that has allowed mobile phone banking to take place in the country. The Philippines example, enabled by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, is unique in that it has allowed for the growth of a mobile banking industry that has adopted both bank-centric and telco-centric models. The visit included a packed schedule of meetings with key mobile banking stakeholders from both private and public sectors in the Philippines. Highlights included meetings with SMART telecom, demonstrations of the linkage between rural banking and mobile banking at GM Bank, and meetings with teams responsible for the enabling regulation at the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas. The DAB delegation was also received by Deputy Governor of the Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas and AFI Policy Champion Nestor A. Espenilla, Jr., who was instrumental in leading the necessary reforms in the Philippines. The lessons learned from the exchange visit will help support and shape an evolving mobile banking regulatory approach in Afghanistan. The DAB recently published its regulation on mobile banking and entities will begin to seek licensing in the country. Coupled with experiences gained through initial pilot projects, the lessons learned from the exchange will also provide further insight on potential and performance to help mobile banking roll-out in Afghanistan.
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